Brickkiln



July 7, 1925. l 1,544,599

o. M. REIF BRI CKKII LN Filed July 12, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 WITNESSESSJuly 7, 1925,. 1,544,599

O. M. REIF BRICKKILN Filed July 12, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 wmmsscss July7, 1925. 1,544,599

O. M. REIF BRICKKILN v Filed July 12, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Le HWI im)July 7,1925. 1,544,599

. M. REIF BRIGKKILN Filed July 12, 1924 5 sheets-sheet s INVENTORPatented July 7, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. Y

OTTO M. REIF, olP PITTsBURGII, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIeNOR ToIIARBIsoN-WALKER REPRAOTORIES COMPANY, or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ACORPORATION OP PENNSYLVANIA, I

BRIOKKILN.

Application filed July 12, 1924. Serial I\`|'o.'725,601.`

To all whom t magno/acera.' Y

Be it known that I, OTTO M. REIT, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Brickkilns,of which the following is a specification. -Y

This invention relates to down-draft brick kilns'. V.

One objectofthe invention is to provide a kiln of a novel construction,for the purpose of producing more uniform heating of all of the Vbrickslbeing burned. Another object is to so construct and divide the bottomof the kiln that a maximum number of bricks being burned may be stackedin the kiln without obstructing outlet passages in the floor, while atthe same time exposing all of the bricks substantially uniformly to theheated lgases of the kiln. Another object is to provide exhaust portsand draft passages connected therewith inthe `bottom of the kiln soarranged and constructed as to' produce a substantially uniformdowndraft throughout lthe entire kiln, so avoiding the over-heating andunder-heating of some bricks as compared to those in other portions ofthe kiln. y vOther objects'and advantages will be apparent to thosefamiliar with the art from the following specifications:v A

Referring yto the drawings, Fig. -1- is a central vertical sectionthrough va preferred form of the kiln on the line I--I of Fig. 2; Fig. 2is a horizontal Section through the side walls of the kiln and a planview of the bottom thereof, on the line IIe-II of F ig.v 1; Fig. 3 is ahorizontal section through the kiln on the line III-III of Fig. 1,; Fig.4 is a section on the line IVe-IV of Fig., 1; Fig. 5 is a lpartialvertical section on the line V-V of Fig. 2; Fig. 6 `is a partialvertical section on the line VIN-VI Ofi-Fig.

, 2,; Fig.` 7 is a parti-alvertical section on the I line VII-VII ofFig. 2; Fig. 8 is a partial vertical section on the line'VIIIVIIIj-ofFig.,2; Fig. 9 is arp'artial vertical lsection on the line lX-JX of Fig.8; Fig.k 10 is a partial vertical section on the line X-X 0 of Fig. 2;Fig. 11 is a partial horizontal section and plan view of the bottom of a.of Fig. 11;

modified kiln;Fig. 12 yis a horizontal section ,l at alower levelthrough thebottom of the fire boxes, preferably equallyspaced about lthekilnwall. These have yopenings 6 leading tothe exterior of the kiln.Doors 7 are provided through the kiln walls 2 and 2a to give access tothe interior thereof. Stacks 8 are provided at intervals around thewalls of the kiln, there being four illustrated, equally spaced apart.These are preferably divided by an inner partition 9, into two verticalflues and 11. These flues lead upward to outlets at or abovethe level ofthe top of the kiln, as in the standard kilns of the form illustrated. uy

From the4 foot of eachof the stacks 8 .horizontal passages 12, 13, 14and 15, re-

spectively, klead to and terminate in central verticalwells 16, 17, 18and 19, respectively. VThis'arrangement is clearly illustrated in Fig.1l. The passages are constructed in the brick work of which the wholebottom construction i's built up.

As shown in Fig. 3, a section at a higher level, draft passages 20 and21 extend outward from well 1G tothe Outer wall of the kiln. yThese arebuilt into the brickwork of the bottomV and at a higher level than thepassage 12. ySirnilar'passages 22 yand 23 extend outward from the well18. From the well 17, passages 24 and 25 extend outward to the outerwall of the kiln, and from the `well'19 similar passages 26 and 27extend. Y.

The oor surface is divided by transverse narrow slot-like openings orports 28 and 28a extending downward into the floor body, and each ofthese ports crosses and is connected with one and only one of the draftpassages 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 or 27, or else directly to one yofthe vertical wells 16, 17, 18 or 19. This arrangement is shown by Figs.l, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 10. rlhe individual ports 28 and 28a are separated atintervals by cross walls 29, so as to prevent any connection orshort-circuiting between the several draft passages 20, 2l, 22, 23, 24,25, 26, 27.

At the outer ends of each of the said draft passages 2O to 27,inclusive, and at the side walls of the kiln, are curved terminal portsor openings 30.

The ports 28, 28a and 8O are so spaced from each other and arranged asto divide the floor of the kiln into rectangular blocks, so far aspossible in a circular kiln. The openings are so spaced apart as topermit lstacks of vstandard'sized bricks to be piled between them,allowing the usual space between the brick when arranged in checkeredfashion for burning, so that the bricks will not overlap or cover any ofthe openings 28, 28, or 30. As will vbe observed most of the floor ofthe kiln may be thus covered with rectangular stacks of bricks, arrangedin separate piles, with very little waste space, without any necessarycovering of the openings through the flue surfaces, and leaving passagesbetween stacks for circulation of the hot gases. Where the kiln isrectangular in shape, as it may be,the entire floor may be divided intorectangular spaces by the outlet ports. The arrangement whereby thestacks of bricks do not lie over any outlet prevents breakage of thebricks immediately over the outlet, a result that frequently follows thepresent rpractice of overlapping the outlets.

The operation of this construction is as follows: Y

Heated gases are applied to the kiln from the fire boxes 5 in the usualmanner, the hot gases passing first toward the dome of the kiln. Thesegases then pass ldownward aroundand through the piles of brick and aredrawn out through the slot-like openings or ports 28, 28a and 30, thegases passing from these slotted openings to the draft passages 20-7,which in turn empty into the wells, 16, 17, 18 and 19, each of which isconnected by lower draft passages 12', 13, 14 and l5 to one of thestacks 8. rlhe draft from the stacks draws these gases ofil regularly,gently, and owing to the distribution of the outlet openings in thefloor, the hot gases are drawn from the kiln over the entire floor areathereof. Consequently, there is secured a uniform circulation of het gasand distribution of heat throughout the kiln without any draft to aparticular corner or side or portion of the kiln as in most down draftkiln constructions. The bricks are therefore burned with an unusualdegree of uniformity and the fuel value'of the gases .of combustion isutilized with unusual efficiency.

rihe elongated ports in the licor act not only as openings for thecarrying off of the gases uniformly over the entire floor area, but theyalso form guides by which work men placing the bricks in the kiln areenabled to so position and dimension their 'v stacks of bricks as toutilize the floor space to the greatest possible advantage, and get intothe kiln a maximum number of bricks for the area and space available.

In Figs. 1l, l2 and 13 a modification is illustrated in that instead ofa plurality of stacks built into the wall of the kiln, a single stack 40is provided at one side of and spaced away from the kiln. This stack isconnected by two passages 41 and 42 to a central well 43 which in turnis connected by passages 44, 475, 46 and 47 to the rectangularlydisposed ports oroutlet openings 48l and49 in the floor of the kiln, Theoutlets 48 and 49 are-arranged in a different order of rectangles inthis modified form, and the stack connection is different,H butotherwise the advantages and functions of the device are similar tothose of the form of kiln above described in detail.

l claim:

l. In a down-draft brick kiln, a floor divided by narrow elongatedoutlet ports into substantially rectangular sections, said sectionsvbeing adapted toV receive and space apart rectangular stacks of bricksto be burned, and draft passages connecting said ports to an outletstack. Y

2. In a down-draft brick kiln, a floor divided by narrow elongatedoutlet ports into spaces adapted to receive individual Vrectangularstacks of bricks to be burned, and means to draw hot gas from the kilnthrough the said ports Vsimultaneously from Vall sections ofthe kilntloor. Y

31 In a down-draftbrick kiln, a floor divided by a series of narrowelongated openlUh `ings into a plurality of rectangular sections Y eachadapted to receive and support a separate stack of bricks, and means tocreate a down-draft through each of the elongated floor openings betweenand around the stacks of bricks.V

4. In a down-draft brick kiln, a floor divided by a plurality ofseparate narrow elongated outlet ports into a plurality'of rectangularsections each adapted to support a stack ofobricks to be burned, an eX-terior stack adapted to create a' draft, a pas-V fsage' leading beneaththe floor of the kiln from the exterior stack to a well at the middleportion of the kiln floor, and draft passages leading from the well tothe said 1 elongated outlet ports, whereby to draw off het gasesuniformly over the floor area from and around each of theV rectangular Ysections'of the kiln floor.

5. In a down-draftbrick kiln, means' to supply hot gas to the top of thekiln, a floor divided by narrow elongatedv openings therein into aplurality of rectangular sec-y whereby to draw the hot gas from thekilntions each of which is-adapted to support a between, around andthrough the stacks of separate sta-ck of bricks to be burned, draftbricks and uniformly from over the floor of 10 passages in the floorconnecting the said the kiln.

openings to central Wells, and passages beneath said draft passagesconnecting said Wells to stacks built in the Wall of the kiln,

In testimony whereof, I sign my name.

OTTO M. REIF.

